申訴信在英語(yǔ)中是“APPEAL LETTER”，原來(lái)是一個(gè)法律用詞，是申請(qǐng)者對(duì)于不服現(xiàn)有的判決而向上一級(jí)裁判機(jī)構(gòu)提出的駁斥現(xiàn)有判決的法律或商業(yè)陳述。美國(guó)簽證中的申訴信，是簽證申請(qǐng)者對(duì)于不合理、不公正的拒簽加以闡述、駁斥，以書面形式遞交給另外一位簽證官的文件。與普通申訴信不同的是，你在美國(guó)簽證中的申訴信的閱讀者是同一領(lǐng)事館簽證處的另外一位簽證官，這位簽證官是拒簽?zāi)愕暮炞C官的同事，而不是上級(jí)；還有一點(diǎn)不同的是，美國(guó)簽證主要是通過(guò)面試而不是文件來(lái)審查的，所以美國(guó)簽證申訴信充其量只是對(duì)你的簽證起到一個(gè)輔助作用，最后通過(guò)通不過(guò)還要看你的面試表現(xiàn)。所以，美國(guó)簽證中申訴信的寫作不但要符合標(biāo)準(zhǔn)英語(yǔ)商業(yè)信函的標(biāo)準(zhǔn)，更要考慮自己是否需要寫申訴信，什么時(shí)候?qū)懀驮鯓訉懖拍芷鸬胶玫男Ч?/p>

　　從去年美國(guó)學(xué)生簽證情況來(lái)看，一方面是申訴信的使用幾乎到了泛濫的程度，很多學(xué)生一旦拒簽就訴諸申訴信，好像申訴信具有化腐朽為神奇的力量，而忽視了美國(guó)簽證主要看面試表現(xiàn)而不是文件的事實(shí)。正是由于有了申訴信，這些學(xué)生往往會(huì)忽視對(duì)自己的面試技能的培訓(xùn)和心理狀況的調(diào)整，從而遺憾地浪費(fèi)了本來(lái)就不多的簽證面試機(jī)會(huì)。我認(rèn)為這也反映了大部分中國(guó)學(xué)生在英語(yǔ)口頭表達(dá)和交流能力方面普遍較弱這一事實(shí)。另外一個(gè)方面就是很多學(xué)生的申訴信，由于沒(méi)有專業(yè)的咨詢，或由于一些所謂“專業(yè)咨詢”的誤導(dǎo)，要么不符合英語(yǔ)商業(yè)寫作的規(guī)范和風(fēng)格，要么冗長(zhǎng)，生硬，根本起不到“申訴”的效果。

　　關(guān)于申訴信的必要性和什么情況下需要申訴信，我要重申一下我們一向遵循的原則。能否順利拿到美國(guó)簽證，關(guān)鍵在于良好的面試表現(xiàn)，在于申請(qǐng)者對(duì)自己的了解，對(duì)自己在美國(guó)所要學(xué)的PROGRAM的了解和對(duì)自己將來(lái)目標(biāo)的了解，也就是我們常說(shuō)的三個(gè)W。只有這樣，申請(qǐng)者才能在面試中擁有自信，對(duì)于簽證官的各種問(wèn)題游刃有余，才能拿到簽證。所以申請(qǐng)者應(yīng)該重點(diǎn)準(zhǔn)備自己的面試，提高自己的面試技能，而不要盲目相信申訴信。只有在以下情況你才可能需要申訴信：1、至少拒簽兩次，一簽，二簽不需要申訴信；2、簽證官的拒簽有明顯的不合理。如我們的一個(gè)客戶去美國(guó)讀LLM，而簽證官卻認(rèn)為她沒(méi)有工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)，不符合LLM的要求。這種明顯的錯(cuò)誤就可以通過(guò)申訴信來(lái)駁斥，學(xué)校(而且還是美國(guó)法學(xué)名校)已經(jīng)錄取了說(shuō)明專職工作經(jīng)驗(yàn)并不是學(xué)LLM必需的；自己過(guò)去的兼職工作雖不是專職，卻是學(xué)校認(rèn)可的QUALITY EXPERIENCE，自己有能力，有資格去學(xué)LLM；3、自己的案例特別復(fù)雜，與大部分簽證者不同，但一兩分鐘的時(shí)間又說(shuō)不清楚。例如，我們就有一個(gè)客戶，在央行做了10年的銀行監(jiān)管工作，又在商行做了5年的業(yè)務(wù)操作，當(dāng)時(shí)去美國(guó)一名校學(xué)銀行法，這種情況乍一看是十分弱的，通過(guò)的幾率很小。像他這種精英就應(yīng)該去公派出國(guó)培訓(xùn)，而不是脫產(chǎn)像其他年輕學(xué)生一樣脫產(chǎn)去學(xué)習(xí)。但是這里面有一個(gè)情況是，該學(xué)校的PROGRAM IN BANKING LAW的招收對(duì)象正是他這種人。這種情況下，他就可以通過(guò)申訴信或者自述信來(lái)闡述該P(yáng)ROGRAM的特殊性和自己的“培訓(xùn)”動(dòng)機(jī)(不是“學(xué)習(xí)”目的)。

　　在具體寫作申訴信時(shí)，必須遵循以下原則：

　　1、一定要簡(jiǎn)潔，易懂，要符合英語(yǔ)書信寫作的規(guī)范(BE BRIEF AND IDIOMATIC)

　　要知道，閱讀你的申訴信的是世界上最沒(méi)有耐心的人。簽證官每天要面對(duì)很多申請(qǐng)者，問(wèn)很多同樣的問(wèn)題，要忍受很多不同申請(qǐng)者的同樣的回答，還要在一兩分鐘內(nèi)作出對(duì)于申請(qǐng)者前途至關(guān)重要的決定。我們應(yīng)該同情他們，一定要把申訴信寫得簡(jiǎn)潔、規(guī)范、通俗易懂，讓他們一眼就可以明了你的思路和邏輯。所以，你的申訴信最好不要超過(guò)一頁(yè)，最好剔除專業(yè)性太強(qiáng)的內(nèi)容，最好請(qǐng)英語(yǔ)寫作高手來(lái)寫，至少也應(yīng)該讓英語(yǔ)寫作很出色的外國(guó)朋友或國(guó)外的中國(guó)朋友潤(rùn)色一下。

　　以下是一個(gè)學(xué)生寫的申訴信中的一段：“I PLANED TO FOLLOW PROFESSOR XXX TO DESIGN DRUGS FOR CANCER IN THE FOLLOWING YEARS. CANCER IS THE EXCESSIVE GROWTH OF MORBID CELL, WHICH IS THE RESPONSE TO SOME CARCINOGEN AN NORMAL CELL SUBJECTED. PROFESSOR RIEDEL''S RESEARCH JUST FOCUSES ON THE RECEPTORS, THE MEDIATOR BETWEEN THE EVENTS IN AND OUT OF A CELL MENTIONED ABOVE. THROUGH THE RESEARCH IN THE RECEPTORS, WE WILL FIGURE OUT THE STRUCTURE AND DETAILED MECHANISM OF THE DRUG WHICH CAN COVER THE SENSITIVE AREAS OF THE RECEPTOR TO PREVENT THE NORMAL CELLS FROM BECOMING ILL. THE FRUIT OF THIS RESEARCH WILL BE A CREDIBLE GUIDE FOR SYNTHESIZING DRUGS, WORKING OUT NEW STANDARDS FOR MORE CONVENIENT MEDICAL SCREENING AND EXPLAINING THE MARVELOUS FUNCTION OF CHINESE HERBAL MEDICINES.”

　　不說(shuō)其中的語(yǔ)言錯(cuò)誤了，這些專業(yè)的東西簽證官怎么能看得懂？這個(gè)學(xué)生給我講了足足半個(gè)小時(shí)我才稍微懂了那么一點(diǎn)點(diǎn)！如果這么寫，結(jié)果只有失敗。

　　2、要中肯，切題(DIRECT AND TO THE POINT)

　　這就要求申請(qǐng)者對(duì)自己為什么被拒簽要有一個(gè)明確的認(rèn)識(shí)，這是你寫申訴信的前提。如果不知道簽證官為什么拒簽?zāi)?，那你要申訴什么?。克斜痪芎灥纳暾?qǐng)者都最終被告知，有移民傾向。但是，之所以判定你有移民傾向，簽證官一般有更詳細(xì)的原因，但是什么原因，簽證官一般不會(huì)告訴你，但卻會(huì)在你的申請(qǐng)表中做標(biāo)記，這就需要你仔細(xì)回顧自己面試中的各個(gè)細(xì)節(jié)，判定拒簽的主要原因。這樣在寫作時(shí)，就可以列出簽證官拒簽的理由，然后通過(guò)邏輯和事實(shí)來(lái)逐一駁斥，證明簽證官的拒簽是錯(cuò)誤的。

　　3、駁斥要堅(jiān)定有力(BE FORCEFUL)

　　在用強(qiáng)有力的邏輯和事實(shí)證明自己的“清白”和簽證官的錯(cuò)誤之后，適當(dāng)時(shí)候應(yīng)該果斷地指出簽證官的不合理，不公正，不認(rèn)真和不按照規(guī)定辦事。這一點(diǎn)往往是大多數(shù)中國(guó)學(xué)生所不具有的，尤其是那些“前途渺茫，后路已斷”，把所有寶都押到出國(guó)留學(xué)上的學(xué)生。例如去年有一個(gè)學(xué)生在第二次簽證時(shí)，簽證官竟然去咨詢上一次拒簽他的那位簽證官，回來(lái)后明確告訴他自己不能推翻同事的決定，整個(gè)過(guò)程幾乎沒(méi)有問(wèn)他什么問(wèn)題就把他給拒了！這明顯嚴(yán)重違反了美國(guó)使館在自己的官方網(wǎng)站上標(biāo)榜的規(guī)定，而這位學(xué)生卻不敢當(dāng)場(chǎng)駁斥他。要知道，美國(guó)簽證系統(tǒng)中是沒(méi)有正式的拒簽申訴程序的，但是幾乎每個(gè)申請(qǐng)人都可以再次或者多次提出申請(qǐng)，而提出新的申請(qǐng)也就等于是進(jìn)行申訴，向簽證官提交新的材料。所以，美國(guó)使館規(guī)定，一個(gè)以前被拒簽而現(xiàn)在又申請(qǐng)的人應(yīng)該受到全新的對(duì)待，應(yīng)該給予他們公平的機(jī)會(huì)，來(lái)證明他們的簽證資格。美國(guó)是一個(gè)理性的國(guó)度，只要你的邏輯合理，就可以有理、有利、有節(jié)地指出簽證官的不合理和不公正，使簽證官不得不接受你的邏輯，改變以前的不合理決定。以下是一篇較成功的申訴信(有刪減)，希望那些不幸被拒簽者能體會(huì)一下申訴信的寫作原則。

　　DEAR VISA OFFICERS:

　　AS ONE OF CHINA''S VERY FEW LEGAL PROFESSIONALS PRIVILEGED WITH THE FINANCIAL RESOURCES TO UNDERTAKE ADVANCED LEGAL STUDIES IN THE US, I WAS GREATLY SURPRISED BY YOUR REJECTION OF MY APPLICATION FOR A STUDENT VISA. THE REJECTION REPRESENTS A BLOW TO NOT ONLY MY HOPE FOR ENHANCED LEGAL EXPERTISE BUT ALSO AMERICA''S PROFESSED COMMITMENT TO SEEING THE RULE OF LAW PREVAIL IN CHINA.

　　ALREADY ON THE CUTTING-EDGE OF CHINA''S MARITIME LAW, I HAVE TO STUDY IN A WESTERN LAW SCHOOL IF I AM TO FURTHER IMPROVE MY EXPERTISE IN MY FIELD OF SPECIALTY.SHAVINGSBEEN TRAINED AS PART OF THE COUNTRY''S FIRST POSTGRADUATE PROGRAM IN MARITIME LAW, I HAVE BEEN WORKING FOR SEVERAL YEARS AS AN IN-HOUSE LEGAL COUNSEL WITH THE XXX ASSOCIATION, HANDLING OVER 100 CLAIMS EVERY YEAR IN RELATION TO SHIPPING CONTRACTS. MY LEGAL EDUCATION AND LEGAL PRACTICE ARE ALREADY THE BEST POSSIBLE IN CHINA.

　　BY ATTENDING AN AMERICAN LAW SCHOOL, I CAN ACQUIRE THE KIND OF PROFESSIONAL SKILLS AND SOCIAL VALUES THAT CHINA NEEDS MOST AND AMERICA CAN TEACH THE BEST.……

　　THE REJECTION OF MY VISA APPLICATION PROBABLY MEANS THAT THE ONLY CHINESE WHO IS BOTH INTELLECTUALLY AND FINANCIALLY CAPABLE OF UNDERTAKING ADVANCED STUDIES IN MARITIME LAW IN YOUR COUNTRY IS REFUSED ENTRY. THIS, I THINK, RUNS COUNTER TO NOT ONLY MY PERSONAL INTEREST BUT ALSO THE INTEREST OF OUR RESPECTIVE COUNTRIES. AFTER ALL, MORE, NOT FEWER, CHINESE STUDENTS HAD BETTER LEARN THE AMERICAN LEGAL CONCEPTS AND PRINCIPLES, IF OUR TWO PEOPLES ARE TO LIVE IN PEACE AND DO BUSINESS WITH EACH OTHER. IT IS NOT LIKELY THAT YOU WILL SEE ANOTHER CHINESE STUDENT LIKE ME ANYTIME SOON, ALTHOUGH YOUR OFFICE SEEMS SWARMED EVERYDAY WITH CHINESE STUDENTS SEEKING VISAS.

　　I STAND APART FROM OTHER CHINESE STUDENTS ALSO IN THAT I HAVE A CLEAR AND IMMEDIATE PURPOSE FOR MY STUDIES. MY FAMILY''S COMPANY, XXX，NEEDS ME TO TAKE CHARGE OF ITS LEGAL AFFAIRS AS IT EXPANDS.……GIVEN THE INTERNATIONAL NATURE OF ITS BUSINESS, THE COST OF MY LEGAL EDUCATION IN THE US IS NOT ONLY A PIECE OF CAKE BUT ALSO GREAT INVESTMENT.

　　NOW THAT MY FAMILY HAS MADE ITS FORTUNES AND IS POISED TO MAKE EVEN MORE IN CHINA, THERE IS NO REASON WHY I WOULD NOT RETURN TO CHINA AFTER I COMPLETE MY STUDIES IN THE US. ALTHOUGH AMERICA IS OBVIOUSLY RICHER THAN CHINA IN OVERALL TERMS, I DO NOT THINK MANY AMERICAN FAMILIES CAN MAKE MORE THAN 1 MILLION US DOLLARS A YEAR. NOR DO I THINK THAT I WILL STAND A BETTER CHANCE IN A FOREIGN LAND THAN AVERAGE AMERICANS ON THEIR HOME TURF. UNLESS I GO CRAZY, I WILL NOT EXCHANGE MY VIRTUALLY GUARANTEED FUTURE WITH MY FAMILY COMPANY IN MY HOME COUNTRY FOR THE UNCERTAIN LIFE OF AN ILLEGAL IMMIGRANT IN YOUR COUNTRY.

　　ADDING TO THE ALREADY COMPELLING REASONS ABOVE FOR MY RETURN TO CHINA IS MY WIFE, WHO WILL BE STAYING IN CHINA WHEN I LEAVE FOR THE US.……

　　MY PROPERTY, CAREER AND FAMILY TIES TO CHINA ARE SO STRONG THAT IT HAS NEVER OCCURRED TO ME THAT I WILL BE BUILDING UP MY CAREER AND REALIZING MY DREAMS ANYWHERE OTHER THAN IN CHINA. IF YOU CAREFULLY EXAMINE ALL THE FACTS ABOUT ME, I AM SURE THAT YOU WOULD NOT SUPPOSE THAT I MIGHT WANT TO STAY IN YOUR COUNTRY OVER THE LIMIT OF MY VISA. PLEASE KINDLY ACT ACCORDINGLY. THE RIGHT DECISION ON MY APPLICATION WOULD BE GOOD NOT ONLY TO ME PERSONALLY BUT ALSO TO THE PROCESS OF TRAINING A NEW GENERATION OF CHINESE PROFESSIONALS WHO CAN READILY UNDERSTAND THE ESSENCE OF THE AMERICAN POINT OF VIEW.

　　YOURS SINCERELY

　　XXX